Equations · equation

Seebeck Effect

Thermoelectrics · 1821

Equation
V = −S·ΔT
Field
Thermoelectrics
Named After
Thomas Johann Seebeck
Year
1821

Symbols

V voltage generated · ΔT temperature difference across the material · S the Seebeck coefficient, the material's signature (microvolts per kelvin)

Significance

Hold one end of a conductor hot and the other cold, and a voltage appears — heat turned directly into electricity with no moving parts. Seebeck misread his own discovery as 'thermomagnetism'; the thermocouple it spawned is still how most of industry measures temperature.

Minerals

Machines

Related

Elements

Referenced by

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From the Equations database in Notion, last edited 2026-08-15. This page is the row, rendered by the build; nothing on it is written by hand.