Silicon

Si · Z 14

atomic number: 14
atomic mass: 28.085
notation: Si
group: 14: Carbon
period: 3
state0c: Solid
state20c: Solid
occurrence: Primordial
density: 2.329
melting pt: 1414
boiling pt: 3265
discovered: 1823
abundance: 282000
bio class: Ultratrace
bio role: As amorphous silica it builds diatom frustules, radiolarian skeletons, sponge spicules and the phytoliths that stiffen grasses.
ore grade: 460000
ore minerals: quartz, quartzite
mined as: Primary

extraction

Quarried quartz is reduced with coal, charcoal and wood chips in a submerged-arc furnace to metallurgical-grade silicon at 98–99 %. For chips and solar cells that is converted to trichlorosilane, distilled and redeposited in the Siemens process to nine-nines polysilicon, then pulled into single crystals by the Czochralski method — a crucible made from the purest quartz on Earth holding the melt.

mines

Spruce Pine

machines

Induction Motor Alternator Transformer Photovoltaic Cell Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator

skills

Stick Welding Sand Casting MIG Welding Sharpening an Edge Mixing and Placing Concrete Anchoring into Masonry Swordsmithing

equations

Bloch's Theorem Fermi–Dirac Distribution Griffith Fracture Criterion Seismic Wave Speeds Elastic Wave Equation Snell's Law

Referenced by

equation

Bloch's Theorem Elastic Wave Equation Fermi–Dirac Distribution Griffith Fracture Criterion Seismic Wave Speeds Snell's Law

machine

Alternator Induction Motor Photovoltaic Cell Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Transformer

mine

Spruce Pine

skill

Anchoring into Masonry MIG Welding Mixing and Placing Concrete Sand Casting Sharpening an Edge Stick Welding Swordsmithing

Open on the Periodic Table shelf — the interactive card, the filters, and everything alongside it.

From the All Periodical Elements database in Notion, last edited 2026-08-25. This page is the row, rendered by the build; nothing on it is written by hand.