The First Galaxies

≈ 400 million years · Structure Formation

Temperature (K): 33
When: ≈ 400 million years
Redshift: z ≈ 11
Era: Structure Formation
Seconds After Big Bang: 12622772000000000

What Happened

Small, clumpy and furiously star-forming. JWST keeps finding them brighter and earlier than the models allow, which is an open problem rather than a solved one.

Researchers

Ivo Labbé Rohan Naidu Michael Boylan-Kolchin Garth Illingworth Brant Robertson Marcia Rieke Emma Curtis-Lake

Equations

Law of Universal Gravitation Hubble's Law Linear Perturbation Growth

Theories

Dark Matter Big Bang Cosmology

Referenced by

equation

Hubble's Law Law of Universal Gravitation Linear Perturbation Growth

researcher

Brant Robertson Emma Curtis-Lake Garth Illingworth Ivo Labbé Marcia Rieke Michael Boylan-Kolchin Rohan Naidu

theory

Big Bang Cosmology Dark Matter

Open on the Timeline of the Universe shelf — the interactive card, the filters, and everything alongside it.

From the Cosmic Timeline database in Notion, last edited 2026-08-16. This page is the row, rendered by the build; nothing on it is written by hand.