Planck Epoch

0 – 10⁻⁴³ s · Very Early Universe

Temperature (K): 1.417e+32
When: 0 – 10⁻⁴³ s
Redshift: —
Era: Very Early Universe
Seconds After Big Bang: 1e-43

What Happened

The one interval no physics describes. Gravity is as strong as the other three forces and spacetime itself should be quantised, so general relativity and quantum mechanics both apply and neither survives the encounter.

Researchers

Abhay Ashtekar Stephen Hawking Carlo Rovelli Max Planck Roger Penrose

Equations

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Einstein–Hilbert Action Einstein Field Equations

Theories

Loop Quantum Gravity String Theory Quantum Gravity

Referenced by

equation

Einstein Field Equations Einstein–Hilbert Action Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

researcher

Abhay Ashtekar Carlo Rovelli Max Planck Roger Penrose Stephen Hawking

theory

Loop Quantum Gravity Quantum Gravity String Theory

Open on the Timeline of the Universe shelf — the interactive card, the filters, and everything alongside it.

From the Cosmic Timeline database in Notion, last edited 2026-08-16. This page is the row, rendered by the build; nothing on it is written by hand.