Heat Death

beyond 10¹⁰⁰ years · Far Future

Temperature (K): 0
When: beyond 10¹⁰⁰ years
Redshift: —
Era: Far Future
Seconds After Big Bang: 3.155693e+117

What Happened

Maximum entropy: no gradients, no structure, no work possible anywhere. Expansion and cooling continue toward absolute zero forever — unless dark energy turns out to be something other than a constant, in which case this ending is wrong.

Researchers

Ludwig Boltzmann Rudolf Clausius Fred Adams Gregory Laughlin

Equations

Boltzmann Entropy Third Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Cosmological Equation of State

Theories

Dark Energy Statistical Mechanics Big Bang Cosmology

Referenced by

equation

Boltzmann Entropy Cosmological Equation of State Second Law of Thermodynamics Third Law of Thermodynamics

researcher

Fred Adams Gregory Laughlin Ludwig Boltzmann Rudolf Clausius

theory

Big Bang Cosmology Dark Energy Statistical Mechanics

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From the Cosmic Timeline database in Notion, last edited 2026-08-16. This page is the row, rendered by the build; nothing on it is written by hand.