Periodic Table · element
Vanadium
V · Z 23
- atomic number
- 23
- atomic mass
- 50.942
- notation
- V
- group
- 5: Vanadium
- period
- 4
- state0c
- Solid
- state20c
- Solid
- occurrence
- Primordial
- density
- 6.11
- melting pt
- 1920
- boiling pt
- 3407
- discovered
- 1801
- abundance
- 120
- bio class
- Ultratrace
- bio role
- In vanadium nitrogenase and in the bromoperoxidases of algae, and concentrated a millionfold by sea squirts for reasons still unsettled.
- ore grade
- 7000
- ore minerals
- vanadiferous titanomagnetite; vanadium in oil residues and steel slag
- mined as
- Primary
extraction
Titanomagnetite is roasted with salt, leached and precipitated as vanadium pentoxide, then reduced to ferrovanadium for high-strength steel; a growing share is recovered from steel slag and refinery residues. Redox-flow batteries are the new demand.
categories
#Transition Metal#Metal
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