Periodic Table · element
Titanium
Ti · Z 22
- atomic number
- 22
- atomic mass
- 47.867
- notation
- Ti
- group
- 4: Titanium
- period
- 4
- state0c
- Solid
- state20c
- Solid
- occurrence
- Primordial
- density
- 4.506
- melting pt
- 1668
- boiling pt
- 3287
- discovered
- 1791
- abundance
- 5650
- ore grade
- 20000
- ore minerals
- ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene (mineral sands); hard-rock ilmenite
- mined as
- Primary
extraction
Heavy-mineral sands are dredged and the ilmenite and rutile pulled out by gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separation. Over 90 % becomes titanium dioxide pigment; the rest is chlorinated to TiCl₄ and reduced with magnesium in the Kroll process to a porous sponge, which is vacuum-arc-melted into ingot. Kroll is slow and batchwise, which is why titanium stays expensive.
categories
#Transition Metal#Metal
Referenced by
machine
mine
skill
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